Ok, enough of the self disclosure
writing for now. Here's another NATO sitrep from a retired Naval
Intelligence guy who can't put the pen down yet.
**
Russian military exercises, the latest
in a series across the country, have taken on a threatening posture.
While the most recent installment is not the largest exercise Russia
has conducted, the areas involved and the forces included seem to
have been deliberately chosen to send a warning to NATO; the exercise
itself seems to simulate a full-scale confrontation with NATO through
the forward deployment of nuclear armed submarines, theater ballistic
missiles and strategic bomber aircraft. Strategic weapon systems,
including assets that are part of Russia's nuclear capabilities, have
also been deployed to locations near NATO's borders.
Analysis
According to Russian statements, the
snap exercise, which was not announced before it began March 16, will
last five days and will involve some 45,000 servicemen, around 3,000
vehicles, more than 40 surface vessels, 15 submarines and 110
aircraft. The more notable systems involved are the Iskander mobile
theater nuclear missiles (Iskander has a warhead of 40 kilotons and
is accurate within 15 feet of target. Russian avionics have come a
long way) and fighter aircraft that are being deployed to
Kaliningrad, Tu-22M3 long-range strategic/nuclear bombers that are
being deployed to Crimea, and ballistic/nuclear missile submarines
that have been sent to sea with protective escorts.
The initial statement on the exercise
focused on the role of the Northern Fleet, saying the main purpose of
the drill was to test deployment times to Russian positions in Novaya
Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. Russia has increased its military
presence in the Arctic, with its massive, proven yet untapped oil/gas
fields and the exercise highlights Russia's plans for possible
seizure of the Arctic fields. This part of the drill seems to be
playing out in a rather straightforward way: Russian forces are being
airlifted to Russia's Arctic bases and several naval exercises are
taking place, including anti-submarine operations and mine sweeping
procedures that typically precede the snap sorties of nuclear armed
submarines in times of crises.
Actions Are Stronger Than Words
However, though the stated focus of the
exercises is in the Arctic, operations have expanded to include
military activities along the Finnish border, the deployment of
strategic weapons systems to Kaliningrad and Crimea, and positions
across the Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, and in the western and
southern military districts. This combination lifts the exercise
beyond a simple deployment of ground forces and naval exercises in
the Arctic and forms a nuclear narrative. They're practicing.
The forward deployment of theater
ballistic missiles and bomber aircraft are provocative indicators of
possible pre-emptive action against NATO. Given Russia's military
actions in Ukraine, the possibility, however unlikely, that the
country could expand operations cannot be dismissed. For that reason,
and because Russia has intentionally designed the drills to mimic a
potential conflict with NATO, the exercises are cause for alarm in
Europe.
By deploying Tu-22M3 strategic
aircraft, Russia is also openly invoking the threat of nuclear
confrontation. Considering Moscow's statements about a potential
deployment of nuclear weapons to Crimea, Russia is clearly connecting
the Ukraine crisis and its intentions in the Arctic to the impressive
nuclear deterrent it possesses.
Geographic Size Sets This Exercise
Apart
The large geographic area this drill
covers places it outside the usual pattern of other snap exercises
conducted by Russia. It also puts it in the same areas where NATO has
been conducting its exercises, including in the Baltics, Romania and
Hungary. NATO's most notable drills have been conducted under the
U.S. Operation Atlantic Resolve, which has seen the rotation of a
brigade-sized U.S. Army force and the arrival of armor and
helicopters to support that deployment. Russia has noted increased
U.S. surveillance flights over the Baltics and the expanded Baltic
air policing operation that NATO conducts there.
An exercise including parts of the
Russian military stretching from the Northern, Baltic and Black Sea
fleets through the western and southern military districts is
notable. Russia has conducted even larger exercises in the past.
However, those have tended to focus on a particular military district
or fleet, or a combination of closely related ones. Conducting this
single exercise in the area stretching from Norway to the Baltics
through Poland and into Crimea is clearly angled straight at NATO.
Considering the military tensions
surrounding the Ukraine crisis and its fragile cease-fire, these
exercises are an aggressive signal, particularly since they
immediately follow Putin's mysterious disappearance last week. Russia
has an interest in flexing its heavy military muscle to remind
everyone of the incredible havoc it could wreak and to dissuade
anyone from taking radical action in Ukraine. The United States has
been careful when it comes to Ukraine, even delaying the deployment
of 300 U.S. troops to western Ukraine as part of a training exercise.
The United States maintains, however, that this deployment is still
an option and could order it as early as April.
Beyond Ukraine, Russia is also
responding to military exercise dynamics in Eastern Europe, where the
Ukraine crisis has reverberated. A general increased tempo of Russia
military activity (both in the sense of long distance strategic
flights and large-scale military exercises), an increase in NATO
presence and more exercises in Eastern Europe have resulted in a back
and forth of military posturing reminiscent of Cold War shows of
force.
In that context, Russia's exercises
serve as threats to the opposing forces, demonstrating competent
capabilities and suggesting intent. But they are important military
tools to the Russian military as well. To maintain readiness,
actually executing operations or deployments through exercises is a
must. Beyond that, Russian military planners need to have a realistic
understanding of the capabilities of Russian forces. There is no
better way to gain this understanding than to let those forces run
through operations, or parts of them, to determine the basic
parameters that are feasible. Also, Russia is closely watching NATO
responses to this by using their own SIGNIT to capture any and all
US/NATO communications. Their military planners will decipher and
conclude just what NATO's response would be.
As Russia tests its own capabilities,
it shows the rest of the world the type of operations and the
military districts it considers key in its strategic planning. The
message they're sending is clear enough.